Integrand size = 13, antiderivative size = 93 \[ \int \frac {\cot ^3(x)}{a+b \cos (x)} \, dx=-\frac {(a-b \cos (x)) \csc ^2(x)}{2 \left (a^2-b^2\right )}-\frac {(2 a+b) \log (1-\cos (x))}{4 (a+b)^2}-\frac {(2 a-b) \log (1+\cos (x))}{4 (a-b)^2}+\frac {a^3 \log (a+b \cos (x))}{\left (a^2-b^2\right )^2} \]
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Time = 0.21 (sec) , antiderivative size = 93, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 4, number of rules used = 3, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.231, Rules used = {2800, 1661, 815} \[ \int \frac {\cot ^3(x)}{a+b \cos (x)} \, dx=-\frac {\csc ^2(x) (a-b \cos (x))}{2 \left (a^2-b^2\right )}+\frac {a^3 \log (a+b \cos (x))}{\left (a^2-b^2\right )^2}-\frac {(2 a+b) \log (1-\cos (x))}{4 (a+b)^2}-\frac {(2 a-b) \log (\cos (x)+1)}{4 (a-b)^2} \]
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Rule 815
Rule 1661
Rule 2800
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = -\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {x^3}{(a+x) \left (b^2-x^2\right )^2} \, dx,x,b \cos (x)\right ) \\ & = -\frac {(a-b \cos (x)) \csc ^2(x)}{2 \left (a^2-b^2\right )}-\frac {\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {\frac {a b^4}{a^2-b^2}-\frac {b^2 \left (2 a^2-b^2\right ) x}{a^2-b^2}}{(a+x) \left (b^2-x^2\right )} \, dx,x,b \cos (x)\right )}{2 b^2} \\ & = -\frac {(a-b \cos (x)) \csc ^2(x)}{2 \left (a^2-b^2\right )}-\frac {\text {Subst}\left (\int \left (-\frac {b^2 (2 a+b)}{2 (a+b)^2 (b-x)}-\frac {2 a^3 b^2}{(a-b)^2 (a+b)^2 (a+x)}+\frac {(2 a-b) b^2}{2 (a-b)^2 (b+x)}\right ) \, dx,x,b \cos (x)\right )}{2 b^2} \\ & = -\frac {(a-b \cos (x)) \csc ^2(x)}{2 \left (a^2-b^2\right )}-\frac {(2 a+b) \log (1-\cos (x))}{4 (a+b)^2}-\frac {(2 a-b) \log (1+\cos (x))}{4 (a-b)^2}+\frac {a^3 \log (a+b \cos (x))}{\left (a^2-b^2\right )^2} \\ \end{align*}
Time = 0.38 (sec) , antiderivative size = 100, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.08 \[ \int \frac {\cot ^3(x)}{a+b \cos (x)} \, dx=\frac {1}{8} \left (-\frac {\csc ^2\left (\frac {x}{2}\right )}{a+b}+\frac {4 (-2 a+b) \log \left (\cos \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )\right )}{(a-b)^2}+\frac {8 a^3 \log (a+b \cos (x))}{\left (a^2-b^2\right )^2}-\frac {4 (2 a+b) \log \left (\sin \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )\right )}{(a+b)^2}-\frac {\sec ^2\left (\frac {x}{2}\right )}{a-b}\right ) \]
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Time = 0.90 (sec) , antiderivative size = 96, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.03
method | result | size |
default | \(\frac {a^{3} \ln \left (a +\cos \left (x \right ) b \right )}{\left (a +b \right )^{2} \left (a -b \right )^{2}}-\frac {1}{\left (4 a -4 b \right ) \left (\cos \left (x \right )+1\right )}+\frac {\left (-2 a +b \right ) \ln \left (\cos \left (x \right )+1\right )}{4 \left (a -b \right )^{2}}+\frac {1}{\left (4 a +4 b \right ) \left (\cos \left (x \right )-1\right )}+\frac {\left (-2 a -b \right ) \ln \left (\cos \left (x \right )-1\right )}{4 \left (a +b \right )^{2}}\) | \(96\) |
risch | \(\frac {i x a}{a^{2}-2 a b +b^{2}}-\frac {i x b}{2 \left (a^{2}-2 a b +b^{2}\right )}+\frac {i x a}{a^{2}+2 a b +b^{2}}+\frac {i x b}{2 a^{2}+4 a b +2 b^{2}}-\frac {2 i x \,a^{3}}{a^{4}-2 a^{2} b^{2}+b^{4}}-\frac {{\mathrm e}^{3 i x} b -2 a \,{\mathrm e}^{2 i x}+{\mathrm e}^{i x} b}{\left ({\mathrm e}^{2 i x}-1\right )^{2} \left (a^{2}-b^{2}\right )}-\frac {\ln \left ({\mathrm e}^{i x}+1\right ) a}{a^{2}-2 a b +b^{2}}+\frac {\ln \left ({\mathrm e}^{i x}+1\right ) b}{2 a^{2}-4 a b +2 b^{2}}-\frac {\ln \left ({\mathrm e}^{i x}-1\right ) a}{a^{2}+2 a b +b^{2}}-\frac {\ln \left ({\mathrm e}^{i x}-1\right ) b}{2 \left (a^{2}+2 a b +b^{2}\right )}+\frac {a^{3} \ln \left ({\mathrm e}^{2 i x}+\frac {2 a \,{\mathrm e}^{i x}}{b}+1\right )}{a^{4}-2 a^{2} b^{2}+b^{4}}\) | \(279\) |
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Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 185 vs. \(2 (88) = 176\).
Time = 0.32 (sec) , antiderivative size = 185, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.99 \[ \int \frac {\cot ^3(x)}{a+b \cos (x)} \, dx=-\frac {2 \, a^{3} - 2 \, a b^{2} - 2 \, {\left (a^{2} b - b^{3}\right )} \cos \left (x\right ) + 4 \, {\left (a^{3} \cos \left (x\right )^{2} - a^{3}\right )} \log \left (-b \cos \left (x\right ) - a\right ) + {\left (2 \, a^{3} + 3 \, a^{2} b - b^{3} - {\left (2 \, a^{3} + 3 \, a^{2} b - b^{3}\right )} \cos \left (x\right )^{2}\right )} \log \left (\frac {1}{2} \, \cos \left (x\right ) + \frac {1}{2}\right ) + {\left (2 \, a^{3} - 3 \, a^{2} b + b^{3} - {\left (2 \, a^{3} - 3 \, a^{2} b + b^{3}\right )} \cos \left (x\right )^{2}\right )} \log \left (-\frac {1}{2} \, \cos \left (x\right ) + \frac {1}{2}\right )}{4 \, {\left (a^{4} - 2 \, a^{2} b^{2} + b^{4} - {\left (a^{4} - 2 \, a^{2} b^{2} + b^{4}\right )} \cos \left (x\right )^{2}\right )}} \]
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\[ \int \frac {\cot ^3(x)}{a+b \cos (x)} \, dx=\int \frac {\cot ^{3}{\left (x \right )}}{a + b \cos {\left (x \right )}}\, dx \]
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Time = 0.21 (sec) , antiderivative size = 116, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.25 \[ \int \frac {\cot ^3(x)}{a+b \cos (x)} \, dx=\frac {a^{3} \log \left (b \cos \left (x\right ) + a\right )}{a^{4} - 2 \, a^{2} b^{2} + b^{4}} - \frac {{\left (2 \, a - b\right )} \log \left (\cos \left (x\right ) + 1\right )}{4 \, {\left (a^{2} - 2 \, a b + b^{2}\right )}} - \frac {{\left (2 \, a + b\right )} \log \left (\cos \left (x\right ) - 1\right )}{4 \, {\left (a^{2} + 2 \, a b + b^{2}\right )}} - \frac {b \cos \left (x\right ) - a}{2 \, {\left ({\left (a^{2} - b^{2}\right )} \cos \left (x\right )^{2} - a^{2} + b^{2}\right )}} \]
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Time = 0.32 (sec) , antiderivative size = 138, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.48 \[ \int \frac {\cot ^3(x)}{a+b \cos (x)} \, dx=\frac {a^{3} b \log \left ({\left | b \cos \left (x\right ) + a \right |}\right )}{a^{4} b - 2 \, a^{2} b^{3} + b^{5}} - \frac {{\left (2 \, a - b\right )} \log \left (\cos \left (x\right ) + 1\right )}{4 \, {\left (a^{2} - 2 \, a b + b^{2}\right )}} - \frac {{\left (2 \, a + b\right )} \log \left (-\cos \left (x\right ) + 1\right )}{4 \, {\left (a^{2} + 2 \, a b + b^{2}\right )}} + \frac {a^{3} - a b^{2} - {\left (a^{2} b - b^{3}\right )} \cos \left (x\right )}{2 \, {\left (a + b\right )}^{2} {\left (a - b\right )}^{2} {\left (\cos \left (x\right ) + 1\right )} {\left (\cos \left (x\right ) - 1\right )}} \]
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Time = 14.30 (sec) , antiderivative size = 116, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.25 \[ \int \frac {\cot ^3(x)}{a+b \cos (x)} \, dx=\frac {a^3\,\ln \left (a+b+a\,{\mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {x}{2}\right )}^2-b\,{\mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {x}{2}\right )}^2\right )}{a^4-2\,a^2\,b^2+b^4}-\frac {{\mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {x}{2}\right )}^2}{2\,\left (4\,a-4\,b\right )}-\frac {\ln \left (\mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {x}{2}\right )\right )\,\left (2\,a+b\right )}{2\,a^2+4\,a\,b+2\,b^2}-\frac {a-b}{2\,{\mathrm {tan}\left (\frac {x}{2}\right )}^2\,\left (a+b\right )\,\left (4\,a-4\,b\right )} \]
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